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NREL Researcher Demonstrates 3D Chemical Imaging of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes 26/7/2019

For the first time, researchers capture 3D images of the crystal structure inside of operating single electrode particles. The images revealed unexpected results, as detailed in a recent journal article.solar street light lithium battery

Drop a sponge into a water bucket, and the sponge will quickly soak up the water. The water works its way through the sponge, saturating every inch from the outside in. When you turn on the battery in your electric vehicle (EV), a similar phenomenon occurs. Lithium (Li) ions rush through the battery, powering up the motor and other electrical systems that propel your vehicle forward. Just as a sponge soaks up the water until the water molecules are distributed throughout, electrode materials absorb Li ions when you operate your EV battery cell. Yet, the Li doesn’t always distribute evenly, which can cause the battery to degrade over time. In order to better understand the distribution of Li inside an operating battery, NREL energy storage researcher Donal Finegan used an innovative technique to take 3D images of microscopic particles in a battery electrode during operation—the first demonstration of its kind.
Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are used in a variety of applications—from cell phones to electric vehicles to the electrical grid—and they are growing in demand. Unfortunately, battery cost and lifespan limit their widespread use in these applications. NREL conducts fundamental science research aimed at improving the lifespan, performance, and cost of Li-ion batteries using state-of-the-art modeling, experimentation, materials synthesis, and diagnostics.

Finegan, who specializes in the application of X-ray techniques to diagnose battery failure and degradation mechanisms, takes 3D images of battery materials across multiple length scales.

“In order to better understand the degradation of battery electrodes over time, we have to see how the lithium distributes while the battery is in operation,” said Finegan. “This is very challenging because at the micrometer scale we are trying to capture gradient changes that are short-lived. Everything is happening in a very short timespan on a very small scale.”

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